Science has long understood the dangers of attributing false causality, developing tools like Koch's Postulates and the Bradford Hill Criteria to avoid it.
While pseudoscience is not unique to Islam - nor more pervasive within the religion - it is important to challenge where the Qur’an is used to support clearly pseudoscientific ideas.
As part of an NHS push for "normal" births - without medical intervention - midwives around the country have been treating labour complications with aromatherapy.
Prior to its closure, the journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine retracted hundreds of papers due to concerns over their validity.